Holidays in Brazil

Understanding Brazil

History and Economy

Until 1500, Brazil was inhabited solely by indigenous people, mainly of the Tupi and Guarani ethnic groups Actual settling by the Portuguese began later that century, with the extraction of valuable pau-brasil wood, from which the country draws its name Brazil was settled by the Portugese and not the Spanish as the rest of Central and South America in New World was because of the Papal Line of Demarcation Despite Portugese rule, large parts of Brasil formed a Dutch colony between 1630 and 1654 They founded several cities Mauritsville and many sugar reed plantations The Dutch fought a grim jungle war with the Portugese, and without the support of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces The Netherlands because of the war with England, the Dutch surrendered to Portugese, though they did not officially recognized Portugese rule, which led to a all-out war with Portugal off the coast of Portugal in 1656 In 1665 the Peace Treaty of The Hague was signed, Portugal lost its Asian ciolonies and had to pay 63 tons of gold to compensate the Dutch Republic for its losing its colony The following four centuries saw further exploitation of the country's natural riches gold and rubber besides the rise of an economy based on agriculture sugar and coffee and slave labor, millions of Africans taken to the new world in a forced diaspora Meanwhile, extermination or Christianizing of natives kept its pace, and the 19th Century saw a second wave of European mainly Italian and German immigration, adding to this unique and complex set of factors that generated today's equally complex and unique Brazilian culture and society

Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation on September 7th, 1822 By far the largest and most populous country in South America, it has also overcome more than two decades 1964-1988 of military intervention in the governance of the country to pursue a democratic ruling, while facing the challenge of keeping its industrial and agricultural growth and developing its interior Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, today Brazil is South America's leading economic power and a regional leader Highly unequal income distribution remains a pressing problem A consequence of this is a high crime rate, specifically in large cities

After 20 years of democracy, the country has grown strong, and despite the social problems of the unequal income distribution, the people have remained happy and festive

Culture

Owing to Brazil’s continental dimensions, varied geography, history and people, the country’s culture is rich and diverse It has several regional variations, and in spite of being mostly unified by a single language, some regions are so different from each other that they could have become different countries altogether

Music plays an important part in Brazilian identity Styles like choro, samba and bossa nova are considered genuinely Brazilian Caipira music is also in the roots of sertanejo the national equivalent to country music MPB stands for Brazilian Popular Music, which mixes several national styles under a single concept Forró, a north-eastern happy dancing music style, has also become common nationwide New urban styles include funk - name given to a dance music genre from Rio's favelas that mixes heavy electronic beats and often raunchy rapping - and techno-brega, a crowd-pleaser in northern states, that fuses romantic pop, dance music and caribbean rhythms

A mixture of martial arts, dance, music and game, capoeira was brought to Brazil by African slaves, mainly from Portuguese Angola Distinguished by vivacious complicated movements and accompanying music, it can be seen and practiced in many Brazilian cities

In the classical music, the Modern Period is particularly notable, due to the works of composers like Heitor Villa-Lobos and Camargo Guarnieri, who created a typical brazilian school, mixing elements of the traditional european classical music to the brazilian rhythms, while other composers like Cláudio Santoro followed the guidelines of the Second School of Vienna In the Romantic Period, the greatest name was Antonio Carlos Gomes, author of some italian-styled operas with typical brazilian themes, like Il Guarany and Lo Schiavo In the Classical Period, the most proeminent name is José Maurício Nunes Gacia, a priest who wrote both sacred and secular music and was very influenced by the viennese classical style of the 18th century and early 19th century

Candomble and Umbanda are religions with African roots that have survived prejudice and persecution and still have a significant following in Brazil Their places of cult are called terreiros and many are open to visit

Indigenous traits can be found everywhere in Brazilian culture, from cuisine to vocabulary There are still many indigenous groups and tribes living in all Brazilian regions, although many have been deeply influenced by "western" culture, and several of the country's surviving indigenous languages are in danger of disappearing completely The traditional lifestyle and graphic expressions of the Wajãpi indigenous group from the state of Amapá were proclaimed a Masterpiece of the World's Intangible Heritage 2 by UNESCO

Globo, the largest national television network, also plays an important role in shaping the national identity Nine out of ten households have a TV set, which is the most important source of information and entertainment for most Brazilians followed by the radio broadcast TVs broadcast sports, movies, local and national news and telenovelas Soap Operas– 6-month-long series that have become one of the country’s main cultural exports

People

Throughout its history, Brazil has welcomed several different peoples and practices Brazil constitutes a melting pot of the most diverse ethnic groups thus mitigating ethnic prejudices and preventing racial conflicts though long-lasting slavery and genocide among indigenous populations have taken their toll Prejudice is often directed towards different social classes rather than between races Nevertheless, race or simply skin colour is still a dividing factor in Brazilian society and you will notice the skin typically darkens as the social class gets lower: wealth and upper-class are mostly white; many middle-class are mixed; and the majority of poor people are black or indian Nowadays, however, Afro-Brazilians and Amerindian populations are increasingly aware of their civil rights and of their rich cultural heritage, and social mobility is achievable through education

In general, Brazilians are a fun-loving people While Southerners may be somewhat colder and more reserved, from Rio upwards people usually boast a captivating attitude towards life and truly enjoy having a good time Some may even tell you that beer, football, samba and barbecue is all they could crave for

Friendship and hospitality are highly praised traits, and family and social connections are strongly valued To people they have met, or at least know by name, Brazilians are usually very open, friendly and sometimes quite generous Once introduced, until getting a good reason not to, a typical Brazilian may treat you as warmly as he would treat a best friend Brazilians are reputedly one of the most hospitable people in the world and foreigners are usually treated with respect and often with true admiration

Attitudes towards foreigners may also be subject to regional differences:

• The state of Santa Catarina welcomes their Spanish-speaking tourists with bilingual signs and welcome committees
• In Salvador, the largest city of the Northeast, anyone talking, acting or looking like a tourist even other Brazilians! could be charged higher prices, such as in parking lots, in restaurants, etc

Most Brazilians are honest and genuinely friendly, but many are used to small acts of corruption in their everyday lives, the so-called jeitinho brasileiro If you obviously look like a tourist, you are a potential target; for instance, a vendor may try to sell goods at higher prices, or a taxi driver may choose the longest route to the destination It doesn't mean that you can't trust anyone, just that you have to be a bit more alert and careful, particularly if someone seems too friendly

Whereas the "Western" roots of Brazilian culture are largely European evidenced by its colonial towns and even sporadic historic buildings between the skyscrapers, there has been a strong tendency in the last decades to adopt a more "American way of life" which is found in urban culture and architecture, mass media, consumerism and a strongly positive feeling towards technical progress In spite of that, Brazil is still a nation faced to the Atlantic, not to Hispanic America, and the intellectual elites are likely to look up to Europe especially France, not the US, as source of inspiration Many aspects in Brazilian society, such as the educational system, are inspired by the French, and may seem strange at first to Anglo-Saxon visitors

Brazilians are not Hispanic

The contrasts in this huge country equally fascinates and shocks most visitors, as well as the indifference of many locals towards the social, economic and ecological problems Whereas an emerging elite of young, well-educated professionals indulge in amenities of modern society, child labor, illiteracy and subhuman housing conditions still exist even in regions blessed by economic growth and huge foreign investments such as Sao Paulo or Rio

As much as Brazilians acknowledge their self-sustainability in raw materials, agriculture, and energy sources as an enormous benefit for the future, most of them agree that without huge efforts in education there will hardly be a way out of poverty and underdevelopment

Brazil has a growing Chinese population, made up significantly of immigrants from Macau

Climate

Brazil is a huge country with different climate zones In the north, near the equator there is a wet and a dry season; from about Sao Paulo down to the south there is spring/summer/fall/winter

Holidays and working hours

Brazil observes the following national holidays only 13 days during all year:

• New Year - 1st January
• Carnival - February/March Movable - 7 weeks before Easter, see box for precise dates Monday and Tuesday are the actual holidays, but celebrations usually begin on Saturday and last until 12PM of Ash Wednesday, when shops and services re-open
• Good Friday - March/April movable two days before Easter Sunday
• Tiradentes - 21st April
• Labour Day - 1st May
• Corpus Christi - May/June movable sixty days after Easter Sunday
• Independence Day - 7th September
• Patroness of Brazil - 12th October
• All Souls' Day Finados - 2nd November
• Republic - 15th November
• Christmas - 25th December

Working hours are usually from 8AM or 9AM to 5PM or 6PM Banks open Monday to Friday, from 10AM to 4PM Street shops tend to close at noon on Saturday and only re-open on Monday Shopping malls normally open from 10AM to 10PM, Monday to Saturday, and from 3PM to 9PM on Sundays Some malls, specially in large cities, are also open on Sundays, it is also possible to find 24-hour stores and small markets that are open even on sundays

Electricity

Brazil is one of a few countries that uses both 120 and 240 volts for everyday appliances Expect the voltage to change back and forth as you travel from one place to the next -- even within the same Brazilian state, sometimes even within the same building There is no physical difference in the electric outlets power mains for the two voltages

Electric outlets usually accept both flat North American, and round European plugs Otherwise adaptors from flat blades to round pins are easy to find in any supermarket or hardware shop Some outlets are too narrow for the German "Schuko" plugs The best makeshift solution is to buy a cheap T-connection and just force your "Schuko" in, -the T will break, but it will work Very few outlets have a grounding point, and some might not accept newer North American polarized plugs, where one pin is slightly larger Again, use the cheap T Near the border with Argentina, you might occasionally find outlets for the Australia/New Zealand-type plug If crossing the border, you'll probably need this adapter as well

In 2009/2010, a the IEC 60906-1 was introduced in Brazil and some newer buidings already have it It is backwards compatible with the Europlug, but it has a receded socket Again, T-plugs can be used as adapters for other common formats

Frequency is 60Hz, which may disturb 50 Hz electric clocks Blackouts are less and less frequent, but you always run a risk at peak of high season in small tourist towns

See also: Travel topics -- Electrical systems

Talking in Brazil

The official language of Brazil is Portuguese, spoken by the entire population except for a few, very remotely located tribes Indeed, Brazil has had immigrants from all parts of the world for centuries, whose descendants now speak Portuguese as their mothertongue

Brazilian Portuguese has a number of pronunciation differences with that spoken in Portugal and within, between the regions there are some accent and slang differences, but speakers of either can understand each other However, European Portuguese Luso is more difficult for Brazilians to understand than the reverse, as many Brazilian television programs are shown in Portugal Note that a few words can have a totally different meaning in Brazil and Portugal, usually slang words An example of this is "Rapariga" which in Portugal means young girl, and in Brazil means prostitute

English is not widely spoken except in some touristy areas Don't expect bus or taxi drivers to understand English, so it may be a good idea to write down the address you are heading to before getting the cab In most big and luxurious hotels, it is very likely that the taxi fleet will speak some English If you are really in need of talking in English, you should look for the younger generation, because they, generally, have a higher knowledge on the language and will be eager to help you and exercise their English

Spanish speakers are usually able to get by in Brazil, especially towards the south While written Portuguese can be quite similar to Spanish, spoken Portuguese may be much harder to understand Compare the number 20 which is veinte BAYN-teh in Spanish to vinte VEEN-chee in Brazilian Portuguese Even more different is gente people, pronounced "HEN-teh" in Spanish and "ZHEN-chee" in Brazilian Portuguese Letters CH, D, G, J, R, RR, and T are particularly difficult for those who know some Spanish, and that's without even considering the vowels Spanish speakers European or Latin American usually find European Portuguese slighty easier to pronounce than the Brazilian one

Body language

Brazilians use a lot of body gestures in informal communication, and the meaning of certain words or expressions may be influenced by them

• The thumbs up gesture is used everywhere and all the time in Brazil
• The OK gesture thumb and finger in a circle, on the other hand, may have obscene connotations in Brazil Avoid it if you can, people may laugh at you, or be offended usually if they are drunk Use thumbs up instead
• A circular movement of the forefinger about the ear means you are crazy!, the same as in English
• Stroking your two biggest fingers with your thumb possibly ironically stating that something takes a long time is a way of saying that something is expensive same as French
• Clicking your middle finger with your thumb multiple times means a long time
• Joining your thumb and middle finger and snapping your index finger upon them means fast not in whole country
• Stroking your lips with your index finger and snapping it means delicious, grabbing your earlobe with your index and thumb means the same not in all country
• Making a fist with your thumb between the index and middle finger is the sign of good luck not in whole country
• Touching the palm with the thumb and making a circular movement with the hand means I am being robbed! sometimes meaning that some price is too high not in whole country
• The Hush gesture is considered extremely impolite, just about the same as shouting "shut up!" to someone
• An informal way to get someone's attention similar to a whistle in other cultures is a hissing sound: "pssiu!" It is not perceived as unpolite, but gets really, really, REALLY annoying if repeated too often They also call cats with a similar sound, rather than the kiss noise others the French again produce

What to see in Brazil

Morro de São Paulo 23

What to do in Brazil

Carnival in Brazil

Buying stuff in Brazil

Brazil's unit of currency is the Real pronounced 'hay-AHL', plural Reais 'hay-EYES', abbreviated BRL, or just R$ One real is divided into 100 centavos As an example of how prices are written, R$1,50 means one real and fifty centavos

Foreign currency such as US Dollars or Euros can be exchanged major airports and luxury hotels bad rates, exchange bureaux and major branches of Banco do Brasil no other banks, where you need your passport and your immigration form

Look for an ATM with your credit/debit card logo on it Large branches of Banco do Brasil charging R$ 6,50 per withdrawal usually has one, and most all Bradesco, Citibank, BankBoston and HSBC machines will work Banco 24 Horas is a network of ATMs which accept foreign cards charging R$ 10 per withdrawal Withdrawal limits are mostly R$ 600 Bradesco or R$ 1000 BB, HSBC, per transaction, and in any case R$ 1000 per day The latter can be circumvented by several consecutive withdrawals, choosing different "accounts", ie "credit card", "checking", "savings" Note that most ATMs will only give you R$ 100 after 10 PM

In smaller towns, it is possible that there is not a single ATM that accepts foreign cards You should therefore always carry sufficient cash

Wiring money to Brazil seems to be difficult without a Brazilian bank account you may receive Western Union transfers and pick it up at a Banco do Brasil branch in most cities Check the Western Union web page for details

Travellers' cheques can be hard to cash outside major airports

A majority of Brazilian shops now accepts major credit cards However, some places that sport the VISA or MasterCard logos, accept only Brazilian-issued credit cards A noteworthy example is the GOL airline's Brazilian site where payments with foreign cards are not accepted except American Express

Coins are R$005, R$010, R$025, R$050 and R$1 Some denominations have several different designs Images from the central bank of Brazil24 And more25 Bills come in the following denominations: R$1 being phased out, R$2 , R$5 , R$10 still a few plastic red and blue around, R$20 R$ 50 and $100 Images from the central bank of Brazil26

Starting in the first half of 2010 with the bills of 50 and 100 reais, all Brazilian bills will start circulating with a new design until 2012 You are likely to find both versions circulating together for the next few years

Exchange rates

The Real is a free-floating currency and has become stronger in the past few years Especially for Americans, prices based on exchange rates have increased quite a bit As of January 2010, R$1 was worth about:

• US$060
• €040
• £035

There are many federal regulations for dealings with foreign currency and many exchange offices operate in a shady area In addition, exchange offices are almost impossible to find outside of big cities Currency other than USD and EUR is hard to exchange and the rates are ridiculous If you would like to exchange cash at a bank, be prepared to pay a hefty comission Eg, Banco do Brasil collects US$15 for each transaction regardless of amount

Shopping

It's not a bad idea to pack light and acquire a Brazilian wardrobe within a couple of days of arrival It will make you less obvious as a tourist, and give you months of satisfied gloating back home about the great bargains you got whenever you are complimented on your clothing Brazilians have their own sense of style and that make tourists - especially those in Hawaiian shirts or sandals + socks - stand out in the crowd Have some fun shopping, and blend in Another good reason for buying clothes and shoes in Brazil is that the quality is usually good and the prices often cheap However, this does not apply to any foreign brand as imports are burdened by high import taxes - therefore, do not expect to find any good prices on brands like Diesel, Levi's, Tommy Hilfiger, etc To figure your Brazilian trousers size, measure your waist in centimeters, divide by 2, and round up to the next even number

Store windows will often display a price followed by "X 5" or "X 10", etc This is an installment-sale price The price displayed is the per-installment price, so that, "R$50 X 10", for example, means 10 payments typically monthly of R$50 each The actual price is almost always lower if you pay in cash

Make sure any appliances you buy are either dual voltage or the same as in your home country Brazil is 60Hz, so don't buy electric clocks or non-battery operated motorized items if you live in Europe or Australia The voltage, however, varies by state see Electricity below

Brazilian-made appliances and electronics are usually expensive or of poor quality All electronics are expensive compared to European or US prices

Brazil uses a hybrid video system called "PAL-M" It is NOT at all compatible with the PAL system of Europe and Australia Television began in black and white using the NTSC system of the USA and Canada, then years later, using PAL for its analogue colour -- making a totally unique system Nowadays, most new TV sets are NTSC compatible However, the newly-introduced digital TV standard is not compatible with that of most other countries Digital video appliances such as DVD players are also compatible with NTSC all digital colour is the same worldwide, but make sure the DVD region codes, if any, match your home country Brazil is part of Region 4 Prices for imported electronic goods can be quite expensive due to high import tax, and the range of domestic electronic gadgets is not very wide Also, be aware that the term "DVD" in Brazil is both an abbreviation for the disc itself and for its player, so be specific to avoid confusion

Food and eating in Brazil

Cuisine

Brazil's cuisine is as varied as its geography and culture On the other hand, some may find it an unrefined melange, and everyday fare can be bland and monotonous While there are some quite unique dishes of regional origin, many dishes were brought by overseas immigrants and have been adapted to local tastes through the generations In Brazil, Italian and Chinese food can often be as baffling as Amazonian fare

Brazil's national dish is feijoada, a hearty stew made of black beans, pork ears, knuckles, chops, sausage and beef usually dried It's served with rice, garnished with collard greens and sliced oranges It's not served every restaurant; the ones that do typically offer it on Wednesdays and Saturdays A typical mistake made by tourists is to eat too much feijoada upon first encounter This is a heavy dish, -even Brazilians usually eat it parsimoniously

The standard Brazilian set lunch is called Prato Feito, with its siblings Comercial and Executivo Rice and brown beans in sauce, with a small steak Sometimes farofa, spaghetti and vegetables will come along Beef may be substituted for chicken, fish or others

Excellent seafood can be found in coastal towns, especially in the North East

Brazilian snacks, lanchessandwiches and salgadinhosmost anything else, include a wide variety of pastries Look for coxinha deep-fried, batter-coated, chicken, empada a tiny pie, somewhat similar to empanadas: try out the palmito - heart of palm variety, and pastel fried turnovers Another common snack is a misto quente, a pressed,toasted ham-and-cheese sandwich Pão-de-queijo, a roll made of manioc flour and cheese, is very popular - pão-de-queijo and a cup of fresh Brazilian coffee is a classic combination

Regional cuisines

• Southern - Churrasco is Brazilian barbecue, and is usually served "Rodizio" ou "espeto corrido" all-you-can-eat Waiters carry huge cuts of meat on steel spits from table to table, and carve off slices onto your plate use the tongs to grab the meat slice and don't touch the knife edge with your silverware to avoid dulling the edge Traditionally, you are given a small wooden block colored green on one side and red on the other When you're ready to eat, put the green side up When you're too stuffed to even tell the waiter you've had enough, put the red side up Rodizio places have a buffet for non meaty items; beware that in some places, the desserts are not considered part of the main buffet and are charged as a supplement Most churrasco restaurants churrascarias also serve other types of food, so it is safe to go there with a friend that is not really fond of meat Whereas the churrascarias are usually fairly expensive places for Brazilian standards in the North and Central areas of the country, they tend to be much cheaper in the South, where they are frequented even by the less affluent
• Mineiro is the "miner's" cuisine of Minas Gerais, based on pork and beans, with some vegetables Dishes from Goiás are similar, but use some different ingredients such as pequi and guariroba Minas Gerais cuisine if not seen as particularly tasty, has a "homely" feel that is much cherished
• The food of Bahia, on the northeast coast has its roots across the Atlantic in West Africa Coconut, dende palm oil, hot peppers, and seafood are the prime ingredients Tip: hot "quente" means lots of pepper, cold "frio" means less or no pepper at all If you don't dare to eat it hot you should try acarajé prawn-filled roasties and vatapá drinkable black beans soup
• Espírito Santo and Bahia have two different versions of moqueca, a delightful tomato-based seafood stew prepared in a special type of clay pot
• Amazon cuisine draws from the food of the indigenous inhabitants, including various exotic fish and vegetables There is also a stupendous variety of tropical fruits
• Ceará's food in the coastline has a great sort of seafood, is known to have the country's best crab It's so popular that literally every weekend thousands of people go to Praia do Futuro in Fortaleza to eat fried fish and crabs usually followed by cold beer

Brazilian cuisine also has a lot of imports:

• Pizza is quite popular in Brazil In Sāo Paulo, travellers will find the highest rate of pizza parlours per inhabitant in the country The variety of flavours is extremely vast, with some restaurants offering more than 50 types of pizza It is worth noting the difference between the European "mozzarella" and the Brazilian "mussarela" They differ in flavor, appearance and origin but buffalo mozzarella "mussarela de búfala" is also often available The Brazilian "mussarela", which tops most pizzas, is yellow in color and has a stronger taste In some restaurants, particularly in the South, pizza has no tomato sauce Other dishes of Italian origin, such as macarrão macaroni, lasanha and others are also very popular
• Middle-eastern and Arab actually Lebanese food is widely available Most options offer high quality and a big variety Some types of middle-eastern food, such as quibe and esfiha have been adapted and are available at snack stands and fast food joints nation-wide
• São Paulo's Japanese restaurants serve up lots of tempura, sushi and sashimi The variety is good and mostly the prices are very attractive when compared to Europe, USA and Japan Most Japanese restaurants also offer the rodizio or buffet deal, with the same quality as if you ordered from the menu Sometimes, however, it can be quite a departure from the real thing The same can be said of Chinese food, again with some variations from the traditional Cheese-filled spring rolls, anyone?

Restaurants

• Most restaurants will add a 10% service charge on the bill, and this is all the tip a Brazilian will ever pay It is also what most waiters survive on, however it is not mandatory and you may ignore it In some tourist areas you might be tried for extra tip Just remember that you will look like a complete sucker if you exagerate

• There are two types of self-service restaurants sometimes both options are available in one place: all-you-can-eat buffets with barbecue served at the tables called "rodízio", or a price per weight "por quilo", very common during lunchtime throughout Brazil Load up at the buffet and get your plate on the scales before eating any In the South there's also the Italian "galeto", where you're served different types of pasta, salads, soups and meat mostly chicken at your table

• Customers are allowed by law to visit the kitchen and see how the food is being handled

• Some Brazilian restaurants serve only meals for two The size of the portions might not say in the menu, -ask the waiter Most restaurants of this category allow for a "half-serving" of such plates meia-porção, at 60-70% of the price

• Fast food is also very popular, and the local takes on hamburgers and hot-dogs "cachorro-quente", translated literally are well worth trying Brazilian sandwiches come in many varieties, with ingredients like mayonnaise, bacon, ham, cheese, lettuce, tomato, corn, peas, raisins, french fries, ketchup, eggs, pickles, etc Brave eaters may want to try the traditional complete hot dog just ask for a completo, which, aside from the bun and the sausage, will include everything on display

• Large chains: The fast-food chain Bob's is found nationwide and has been around in the country for almost as long as McDonald's There is also a national Arab fast-food chain called Habib's Recent additions, though not as widespread, are Burger King and Subway Pizza Hut is rare

Drinking in Brazil

Alcohol

Brazil's national booze is cachaça cah-shah-sah, also known as aguardente "burning water" and pinga, a 40% sugar-cane liquor known to knock the unwary out quite quickly It can be tried in virtually every bar in the country Famous producing regions include Minas Gerais, where there are tours of distilleries, and the city of Paraty Pirassununga is home to Caninha 51, Brazil's best-selling brand Outside Fortaleza there is a cachaça museum Museu da Cachaça where you can learn about the history of the Ypioca brand

Drinking cachaça straight, or stirring in only a dollop of honey or a bit of lime juice, is a common habit on the Northeast region of the country Çafé Pingado' is coffee with some cachaça in it

The strength of cachaça can be hidden in cocktails like the famous caipirinha, where it is mixed with sugar, lime juice and ice Using vodka instead of cachaça is nicknamed caipiroska or caipivodka; with white rum, it's a caipiríssima; and with sake it's a sakerinha not in every region

Another interesting concoction is called capeta "devil", made with cachaça, condensed milk, cinnamon, guarana powder a mild stimulant, and other ingredients, varying by region

If you enjoy fine brandy or grappa, try an aged cachaça Deep and complex, this golden-coloured spirit is nothing like the ubiquitous clear liquor more commonly seen

While imported alcohol is very expensive, many international brands are produced under license in Brazil, making them widely available, and fairly cheap You can buy booze in the tax-free after landing at brazilian airports, but it is more expensive than buying it outside the airports

Beer

Beer in Brazil has a respectable history because of the German immigrants Most Brazilian beer brands tend to be less thick and bitter than actual German, Danish or English beer More than 90% of all beer consumed in Brazil is Pilsner, and it is usually drunk very cold at a temperature below 0ºC The most popular domestic brands are Brahma, Antarctica, Bavaria, and Skol Traditional brands include Bohemia, Caracu and Itaipava Other international brands available are Carlsberg, Stella Artois, Guinness, Miller, Budweiser and others There are two ways of drinking beer in bars: draft or bottled beer Draft lager beer is called chope or chopp 'SHOH-pee', and is commonly served with one inch of foam, but you can make a complaint to the bartender if the foam is consistently thicker than that In bars, the waiter will usually collect the empty glasses and bottles on a table and replace them with full ones, until you ask him to stop, in a "tap" charging system In the case of bottled beer, bottles 600ml are shared among everyone in the table and poured in small glasses, rather than drunk straight from the bottle Brazilians like their beer nearly ice-cold - hence, to keep the temperature down, bottles of beer are often kept in an insulated polystyrene container on the table

Wine

• Rio Grande do Sul is the leading wine production region There are a number of wine-producing farms that are open to visitors and wine tasting, and wine cellars selling wine and fermented grape juice One of these farms open to visitors is Salton Winery 27, located in the city of Bento Gonçalves Rua Mário Salton, 300, Distrito de Tuiuty, CEP 95700-000 Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul Tel: +5554 2105-1000

The Sao Francisco Valley, along the border of the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, is the country's newest wine-producing region Brazilian wines are usually fresher, fruitier and less alcoholic than, for instance, French wines Popular brands like Sangue de Boi, Canção and Santa Felicidade and others with prices below R$ 600 are usually seen as rubbish

• In Minas Gerais, look for licor de jabuticaba jabuticaba liquor or vinho de jabuticaba jabuticaba wine, an exquisite purple-black beverage with a sweet taste Jabuticaba is the name of a small grape-like black fruit native to Brazil

Coffee and tea

Brazil is known world-wide for its high-quality strong coffee Café is so popular that it can name meals just like rice does in China, Japan and Korea: breakfast in Brazil is called café da manhã morning coffee, while café com pão coffee with bread or café da tarde afternoon coffee means a light afternoon meal Cafezinho small coffee is a small cup of strong, sweetened coffee usually served after meals in restaurants sometimes for free, just ask politely Bottled filtered coffee is being replaced by stronger espresso cups in more upscale restaurants

Chá, or tea in Portuguese, is most commonly found in its Assam version orange, light coloured Some more specialised tea shops and cafés will have Earl Gray and green tea available as well

Mate is an infusion similar to tea that is very high in caffeine content A toasted version, often served chilled, is consumed all around the country, while Chimarrão incidentally called mate in neighbouring Spanish-speaking countries is the hot, bitter equivalent that can be found in the south and is highly appreciated by the gaúchos Rio Grande do Sul dwellers Tererê is a cold version of Chimarrão, common in Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso state

Soft drinks

Nothing beats coconut water água de côco on a hot dayStress the first o, otherwise it will come out as "poo"! cocô It is mostly sold as côco gelado in the coconut itself, drunk with a straw Ask the machete-wielding vendors to cut the coconut in half so that you can eat the flesh after drinking the water

If you want a Coke in Brazil, ask for coca or coca-cola, as "cola" means "glue", in Portuguese

Guaraná; is a carbonated soft drink made from the guaraná berry, native to the Amazon area The major brands are Antarctica and Kuat, the latter owned by Coke Pureza is a lesser known guaraná soft drink specially popular in Santa Catarina Almost all regions in Brazil feature their own local variants on guaraná, some which can be quite different from the standard "Antartica" in both good and bad ways If traveling to Amazonas, be sure to try a cold "Baré," which due to it's huge popularity in Manaus was purchased by Antartica and is becoming more available throughout northern Brazil

Fruit juices

Fruit juices are very popular in Brazil Some cities, notably Rio de Janeiro has fruit juice bars at nearly every corner *Açai a fruit from the Amazon is delicious and nutritious rich in antioxidants Traditionally used blended in combination with guarana a stimulantpowder,and a raw quail egg and sometimes a banana to re-energize from late-night partying It is served cold and has a consistency of soft ice

• Maracuja passion fruitcareful during an active day- this has a relaxant effect
• Caju cashew fruit and
• Manga mango are also great juice experiences

Brazilians have great taste when it comes to mixing juices

Accommodation in Brazil

High season in Brazil follows the school holidays calendar, December and January summer being the busiest months New Year, Carnival moveable between February and March, see Understand above and Holy week are the peak periods, and prices can skyrocket, especially in coastal cities like Rio and Salvador Also, during those holidays, many hotels restrict bookings to a 3 or 4-day minimum and charge in advance

Hotels are plentiful in just about all areas of Brazil and can range from luxury beach resorts to very modest and inexpensive choices The Brazilian tourism regulation board imposes specific minimum attributes for each type of facility, but as the 1-5 star rating is no longer enforced, check in advance if your hotel provides the kind of services you expect

Pousada means guesthouse the local equivalent of a French auberge or a British boarding house, and are usually simpler than hotels, and will offer less services room service, laundry etc Pousadas are even more widespread than hotels

In wilderness areas like the Pantanal, travelers usually stay in fazendas, which are ranches with guest facilities In small towns of Minas Gerais people are fond of hotéis-fazenda farm hotels where you can swim, ride, walk, play football, and camp as well as sleep in picturesque barracks

Also there is great fun in going on a boat hotel which will take you to inaccessible places on the rivers and lakes for great fishing trips or for simply relaxing and watching and photographing the wildlife which is very abundant in the Pantanal The boats are large, safe, and comfortable with air-conditioned rooms very necessary Several small aluminum boats with outboard motor, carried by the boat hotel, driven by experienced fisher/guide will take 2 or 3 tourists to the best "points"

Motel is the local term for a "sex hotel" There's no social stigma per se in staying in one, but the room service and rates are geared to adults staying for a few hours with utmost discretion and privacy

Youth hostels albergues da juventude are becoming increasingly common

Working in Brazil

If you are moving to Brazil to find work, or are thinking it will be easy to find a job, you may want to think again

If you are a native English speaker, you may be able to find an English-teaching part-time job; but don't expect that to save your holidays The pay will be under-the-table without contract There is also a growing demand for Spanish language classes, especially in the major cities In both cases, it's always much more lucrative to find work privately rather than through schools This can be done by advertising in newspapers or weeklies or by putting up signs on the notice boards at universities

Refer to the Ministery of Labour webiste 28 for more detailed information

Gringoescom 29 is the main online community of expat's living and working in Brazil

Cities in Brazil

abadiania  abaete  abaetetuba  abreu e lima  acajutiba  acara  acarau  acari  acopiara  acu  acucena  adamantina  afogados da ingazeira  afonso bezerra  afonso claudio  afua  agrestina  agua branca  agua branca  aguai  agua preta  aguas belas  aguas de lindoia  aguas formosas  aguas vermelhas  agudos  aguia branca  aimores  alagoa grande  alagoa nova  alagoinha  alagoinhas  alcantara  alegre  alegrete  alem paraiba  alenquer  alexandria  alfenas  alfredo chaves  alhandra  alianca  almeirim  almenara  almirante tamandare  alpinopolis  alta floresta  altamira  alterosa  altinho  altinopolis  alto araguaia  alto longa  altonia  alto paraguai  alto parana  alto piquiri  altos  alvaraes  alvares machado  alvinopolis  alvorada  amambai  amapa  amaraji  amarante  amarante do maranhao  amargosa  america dourada  americana  americo brasiliense  amontada  amparo  ampere  anadia  anage  anajatuba  ananas  ananindeua  anapolis  anastacio  andira  andradas  andradina  andrelandia  angatuba  angicos 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ferraz  barcarena  barcelos  bariri  barra  barra bonita  barra da estiva  barra de sao francisco  barra do bugres  barra do corda  barra do garcas  barra do pirai  barra dos coqueiros  barra mansa  barras  barra velha  barreiras  barreirinha  barreirinhas  barreiros  barretos  barrinha  barro  barroquinha  barroso  barueri  bastos  bataipora  batalha  batalha  batatais  baturite  bauru  bayeux  bebedouro  beberibe  bela cruz  bela vista  bela vista de goias  bela vista do paraiso  belem  belem  belem de sao francisco  belford roxo  belmonte  belo horizonte  belo jardim  belo oriente  beneditinos  benevides  benjamin constant  bento goncalves  bequimao  bernardino de campos  betim  bezerros  bicas  biguacu  birigui  biritiba-mirim  blumenau  boa esperanca  boa esperanca  boa esperanca do sul  boa viagem  boa vista  boca da mata  boca do acre  bocaiuva  bodoco  boituva  bom conselho  bom despacho  bom jardim  bom jardim  bom jardim  bom jesus  bom jesus da lapa  bom jesus do galho  bom jesus do itabapoana  bom jesus dos perdoes  bom sucesso  bonfim  bonito  bonito  boqueirao  boquim  boquira  borba  borborema  borda da mata  botelhos  botucatu  braco do norte  braganca  braganca paulista  brasileia  brasilia  brasilia de minas  brejinho  brejo  brejo da madre de deus  brejo santo  breves  brodowski  brotas  brumadinho  brumado  brusque  bueno brandao  buerarema  buique  bujaru  buri  buritama  buriti alegre  buriti bravo  buriti  buriti dos lopes  buritis  buritizeiro  butia  caapora  caarapo  cabedelo  cabo frio  cabreuva  cabrobo  cacador  cacapava  cacapava do sul  cacequi  caceres  cachoeira  cachoeira do sul  cachoeiras de macacu  cachoeirinha  cachoeirinha  cachoeiro de itapemirim  cacimba de dentro  cacimbinhas  cacoal  caconde  cacu  cacule  caete  caetes  caetite  cafarnaum  cafelandia  caiaponia  caico  caieiras  cajamar  cajati  cajazeiras  cajueiro  cajuru  caldas novas  camacari  camamu  camanducaia  camapua  camaqua  camaragibe  cambara  cambe  camboriu  cambuci  cambui  cambuquira  cameta  camocim  camocim de sao felix  campanha  campestre  campina grande  campina grande do sul  campinas  campina verde  campo alegre  campo bom  campo do brito  campo formoso  campo grande  campo grande  campo largo  campo maior  campos altos  campos belos  campos  campos do jordao  campos gerais  campos novos  campos sales  campo verde  cananeia  canapi  canarana  canavieiras  candeias  candelaria  candido de abreu  candido mendes  candido mota  canela  canguaretama  cangucu  canhotinho  caninde  caninde de sao francisco  canoas  canoinhas  cansancao  cantagalo  cantanhede  canto do buriti  canutama  capanema  capao bonito  capao da canoa  capela  capela  capela do alto  capelinha  capim grosso  capinopolis  capinzal  capitao poco  capivari  capoeiras  caraguatatuba  carai  carambei  carandai  carangola  carapicuiba  caratinga  carauari  caraubas  caravelas  carazinho  cardoso  careiro  careiro da varzea  cariacica  carinhanha  carira  carire  caririacu  carlos barbosa  carlos chagas  carmo  carmo do cajuru  carmo do paranaiba  carmo do rio claro  carmo do rio verde  carnaiba  carolina  carpina  caruaru  carutapera  casa branca  casa nova  cascavel  cascavel  casimiro de abreu  cassia  cassilandia  castanhal  castelo  castelo do piaui  castilho  castro alves  castro  cataguases  catalao  catanduva  catende  catole do rocha  catu  caucaia  cavalcante  caxambu  caxias  caxias do sul  ceara-mirim  cedro  centenario do sul  centralina  ceres  cerqueira cesar  cerquilho  cerro largo  cha grande  chapada dos guimaraes  chapadinha  chapeco  charqueada  charqueadas  chavantes  chopinzinho  chorozinho  cianorte  cicero dantas  cidreira  claudio  clevelandia  coaraci  coari  cocal  codajas  codo  coelho neto  coite do noia  colatina  colina  colinas  colombo  colonia leopoldina  colorado  conceicao da barra  conceicao da feira  conceicao das alagoas  conceicao do almeida  conceicao do araguaia  conceicao do castelo  conceicao do coite  conceicao do mato dentro  conceicao do rio verde  conchal  conchas  concordia  condado  conde  congonhas  conselheiro lafaiete  conselheiro pena  contagem  coracao de jesus  coracao de maria  corbelia  cordeiro  cordeiropolis  coreau  coremas  corinto  cornelio procopio  coroata  coromandel  coronel fabriciano  coronel vivida  correia pinto  corrente  correntina  corumba  coruripe  cosmopolis  costa rica  cotia  coxim  crateus  crato  cravinhos  criciuma  cristalina  cristinapolis  crixas  cruz alta  cruz  cruz das almas  cruz do espirito santo  cruzeiro  cruzeiro do oeste  cruzeiro do sul  cruzilia  cubatao  cuiaba  cuite  cumaru  cunha  cupira  curaca  curitiba  curitibanos  currais novos  curuca  cururupu  curvelo  custodia  delmiro gouveia  demerval lobao  descalvado  desterro  diadema  diamantina  diamantino  dianopolis  divinopolis  dois corregos  dois irmaos  dois riachos  dois vizinhos  domingos martins  dom pedrito  dom pedro  dona ines  dores do indaia  dourados  dracena  duartina  duque de caxias  ecoporanga  edeia  eirunepe  eldorado  elesbao veloso  elias fausto  eloi mendes  embu  embu-guacu  encantado  encruzilhada do sul  encruzilhada  engenheiro beltrao  entre rios  envira  erechim  escada  esmeraldas  espera feliz  esperanca  esperantina  esperantinopolis  espinosa  espirito santo do pinhal  esplanada  espumoso  estancia  estancia velha  esteio  estreito  estrela  euclides da cunha  eusebio  extrema  extremoz  exu  fagundes  farias brito  farroupilha  fartura  faxinal  feijo  feira de santana  feira grande  feira nova  fernandopolis  ferraz de vasconcelos  firminopolis  flexeiras  flores da cunha  flores  floresta  florestopolis  floriano  florianopolis  fonte boa  formiga  formosa do rio preto  formosa  formoso do araguaia  forquilhinha  fortuna  foz do iguacu  franca  francisco beltrao  francisco morato  francisco sa  franco da rocha  frederico westphalen  frei paulo  frutal  fundao  gameleira  gandu  garanhuns  gararu  garca  garibaldi  gaspar  general salgado  getulio vargas  gilbues  girau do ponciano  girua  gloria do goita  goiana  goianapolis  goianesia  goiania  goianinha  goianira  goias  goiatuba  governador dix-sept rosado  governador valadares  grajau  gramado  granja  grao mogol  gravata  gravatai  guacui  guaiba  guaira  guaira  guaiuba  guajara  guajara-mirim  guanambi  guanhaes  guapiacu  guapimirim  guapo  guapore  guarabira  guaraciaba do norte  guara  guaramirim  guaranesia  guaraniacu  guarapari  guarapuava  guararapes  guararema  guaratinga  guaratingueta  guaratuba  guariba  guaruja  guarulhos  guaxupe  guia lopes da laguna  guiratinga  gurinhem  gurupa  gurupi  hidrolandia  hidrolandia  horizonte  horizontina  hortolandia  humaita  humberto de campos  iaciara  iacu  ibaiti  ibateguara  ibate  ibatiba  ibia  ibiapina  ibicarai  ibicui  ibimirim  ibipeba  ibipora  ibiracu  ibirama  ibirapitanga  ibirataia  ibirite  ibiruba  ibitinga  ibiuna  ibotirama  icara  icatu  ico  iconha  igaci  igaracu do tiete  igarapava  igarape-acu  igarape  igarape-miri  igarassu  igreja nova  igrejinha  iguaba grande  iguai  iguape  iguatemi  iguatu  ijui  ilhabela  ilheus  imaculada  imbituba  imbituva  imperatriz  indaial  indaiatuba  independencia  indiaroba  inga  inhambupe  inhapi  inhapim  inhuma  inhumas  ipaba  ipameri  ipanema  ipanguacu  ipatinga  ipaussu  ipero  ipiau  ipira  ipixuna  ipojuca  ipora  ipora  ipua  ipubi  ipueiras  ipu  iracemapolis  iranduba  iraquara  irara  irati  iraucuba  irece  irituia  irupi  itabaiana  itabaiana  itabaianinha  itaberaba  itaberai  itabera  itabira  itabirito  itaborai  itabuna  itacarambi  itacare  itacoatiara  itagiba  itagi  itaguacu  itaguai  itaiba  itai  itainopolis  itaitinga  itaituba  itajai  itajobi  itajuba  itajuipe  itamaraca  itamaraju  itamarandiba  itambacuri  itambe  itanhaem  itanhandu  itanhem  itaobim  itaocara  itapaci  itapage  itaparica  itapecerica da serra  itapecerica  itapema  itapemirim  itaperucu  itaperuna  itapetinga  itapetininga  itapeva  itapevi  itapicuru  itapipoca  itapira  itapirapua  itapissuma  itapolis  itapora  itaporanga  itaporanga  itapui  itapuranga  itaquaquecetuba  itaqui  itaquitinga  itarana  itarantim  itarare  itarema  itatiaia  itatiba  itatinga  itatuba  itau de minas  itaueira  itauna  itinga  itirapina  itirucu  itiuba  itororo  ituacu  itubera  itu  ituiutaba  itumbiara  itupeva  itupiranga  ituporanga  iturama  ituverava  iuna  ivaipora  ivoti  jaboatao  jaboticabal  jacarau  jacareacanga  jacarei  jacarezinho  jaciara  jacobina  jacupiranga  jacutinga  jaguaquara  jaguarao  jaguarari  jaguariaiva  jaguaribe  jaguariuna  jaguaruana  jaguaruna  jaicos  jales  janauba  jandaia do sul  jandira  januaria  japaratuba  japeri  japoata  japura  jaragua do sul  jaragua  jardim de piranhas  jardim do serido  jardim  jardim  jardinopolis  jarinu  jaru  jatai  jataizinho  jau  jequie  jequitinhonha  jeremoabo  jeronimo monteiro  ji-parana  jitauna  joacaba  joaima  joanopolis  joao alfredo  joao camara  joao monlevade  joao neiva  joao pessoa  joao pinheiro  joaquim gomes  joaquim nabuco  joinville  jose bonifacio  jose de freitas  juatuba  juazeirinho  juazeiro do norte  juazeiro  jucas  jucurutu  juiz de fora  julio de castilhos  jundiai  jundia  junqueiro  junqueiropolis  juquia  juquitiba  juripiranga  juru  juruti  jussara  jutai  labrea  ladario  lagarto  lages  lagoa da canoa  lagoa da prata  lagoa do itaenga  lagoa formosa  lagoa nova  lagoa santa  lagoa seca  lagoa vermelha  lago da pedra  laguna  lajeado  lajedo  laje  lambari  lapa  lapao  laranja da terra  laranjal paulista  laranjeiras do sul  laranjeiras  lauro muller  lavras da mangabeira  lavras  leme  lencois paulista  leopoldina  lima duarte  limeira  limoeiro de anadia  limoeiro do ajuru  limoeiro do norte  limoeiro  linhares  lins  livramento  loanda  londrina  lorena  louveira  lucelia  luis correia  luziania  luzilandia  luz  macae  macaiba  macapa  macaparana  macatuba  macaubas  macau  maceio  machado  madre de deus  mafra  mage  mairi  mairinque  mairipora  major isidoro  malacacheta  malhador  mamanguape  manacapuru  manaira  manaquiri  manaus  mancio lima  mandaguacu  mandaguari  manga  mangaratiba  manhuacu  manhumirim  manicore  manoel urbano  mantena  mantenopolis  maraa  maraba  maracacume  maracai  maracaju  maracana  maracanau  maracas  maragogi  maragogipe  maraial  marapanim  marataizes  marau  marau  maravilha  marco  mar de espanha  marechal candido rondon  marechal deodoro  marechal floriano  marialva  mariana  maribondo  marica  marilandia  marilia  mari  maringa  martinho campos  martinopolis  maruim  mascote  massape  massaranduba  mata de sao joao  mata grande  matao  matelandia  mateus leme  matias barbosa  matias olimpio  matinha  matinhos  matipo  mato verde  matozinhos  matriz de camaragibe  maua  maues  mauriti  mazagao  medeiros neto  medianeira  medina  mendes  messias  miguel alves  miguel calmon  miguelopolis  miguel pereira  milagres  mimoso do sul  minador do negrao  minas novas  mineiros  mirabela  miracatu  miracema do tocantins  miracema  mirador  mirai  miranda  mirandopolis  miranorte  mirante do paranapanema  mirassol  missao velha  mocajuba  mococa  mogeiro  moita bonita  moji das cruzes  moji-mirim  moju  mombaca  moncao  mongagua  monsenhor gil  montanha  montanhas  monte alegre de minas  monte alegre de sergipe  monte alegre  monte alegre  monte alto  monte aprazivel  monte azul  monte azul paulista  monte carmelo  monteiro  monte mor  montenegro  montes altos  monte santo de minas  monte santo  montes claros  monte siao  morada nova  moreira sales  moreno  morrinhos  morro agudo  morro da fumaca  morros  mossoro  mozarlandia  muana  mucurici  mucuri  mulungu  mundo novo  muniz freire  muqui  muriae  murici  muritiba  mutuipe  mutum  muzambinho  nanuque  nao-me-toque  natal  natividade  natuba  navegantes  navirai  nazare da mata  nazare  neopolis  nepomuceno  neropolis  nhamunda  nilopolis  nioaque  niquelandia  nisia floresta  niteroi  nobres  nortelandia  nossa senhora da gloria  nossa senhora das dores  nossa senhora do socorro  nova aurora  nova cruz  nova era  nova esperanca  nova floresta  nova friburgo  nova granada  nova iguacu  nova lima  nova londrina  nova odessa  nova olimpia  nova olinda do norte  nova petropolis  nova prata  nova russas  nova serrana  nova soure  nova venecia  nova vicosa  novo aripuana  novo cruzeiro  novo hamburgo  novo horizonte  novo lino  novo oriente  obidos  ocara  oeiras do para  oeiras  olimpia  olinda  olindina  oliveira dos brejinhos  oliveira  olivenca  oriximina  orizona  orlandia  orleans  orobo  oros  ortigueira  osasco  osorio  osvaldo cruz  otacilio costa  ourem  ouricuri  ourinhos  ouro branco  ouro fino  ouro preto do oeste  ouro preto  pacaembu  pacajus  pacatuba  pacatuba  padre bernardo  padre paraiso  paicandu  palhoca  palmares do sul  palmares  palmas de monte alto  palmas  palmas  palmeira das missoes  palmeirais  palmeira  palmeiras de goias  palmital  palotina  panambi  pancas  panelas  panorama  pao de acucar  papagaios  paracambi  paracatu  paracuru  para de minas  paragominas  paraguacu  paraguacu paulista  paraiba do sul  paraibano  paraipaba  paraisopolis  parambu  paramirim  paranagua  paranaiba  paranapanema  parana  paranavai  paranhos  paraopeba  paratinga  parati  parauna  parelhas  parintins  paripiranga  pariquera-acu  parnaiba  parnamirim  parnamirim  parnarama  parobe  passagem franca  passa quatro  passira  passo de camaragibe  passo fundo  passos  pastos bons  pato branco  patos de minas  patos  patrocinio  patu  pau brasil  pau dos ferros  pauini  paulinia  paulista  paulista  paulo afonso  paulo ramos  peabiru  pecanha  pederneiras  pedra azul  pedra branca  pedra  pedras de fogo  pedregulho  pedreira  pedreiras  pedro ii  pedro leopoldo  pedro velho  pelotas  penalva  penapolis  pendencias  penedo  penha  pentecoste  perdoes  pereira barreto  peruibe  pesqueira  petrolandia  petrolina de goias  petrolina  petropolis  piacabucu  pianco  picos  picui  piedade  pilao arcado  pilar do sul  pilar  pilar  pimenta bueno  pimenteiras  pindamonhangaba  pindobacu  pindorama  pinhao  pinheiral  pinheiro machado  pinheiro  pio ix  pio xii  piquete  piracaia  piracanjuba  piracicaba  piracuruca  pirai do sul  pirai  pirajui  piraju  piranhas  piranhas  pirapemas  pirapora do bom jesus  pirapora  pirapozinho  piraquara  pirassununga  pirenopolis  pires do rio  piripiri  piritiba  pirpirituba  pitanga  pitangueiras  pitangui  pitimbu  piuma  placido de castro  planaltina  poa  pocao de pedras  pocinhos  poco branco  poco das trincheiras  pocoes  pocone  pocos de caldas  poco verde  pojuca  pombal  pombos  pomerode  pompeia  pompeu  ponta grossa  pontal do parana  pontalina  pontal  ponta pora  ponte nova  pontes e lacerda  ponto novo  porangatu  porciuncula  porecatu  portao  porteirinha  portel  porto alegre  porto belo  porto calvo  porto da folha  porto de moz  porto feliz  porto ferreira  porto franco  porto murtinho  porto nacional  porto  porto real do colegio  porto real  porto seguro  porto uniao  porto velho  porto walter  posse  pouso alegre  pradopolis  prado  praia grande  prainha  prata  presidente bernardes  presidente dutra  presidente epitacio  presidente medici  presidente olegario  presidente prudente  presidente venceslau  princesa isabel  promissao  propria  prudentopolis  puxinana  quarai  quata  quatis  quatro barras  quebrangulo  queimadas  queimadas  queimados  quijingue  quipapa  quirinopolis  quixada  quixeramobim  quixere  rancharia  raposa  raposos  raul soares  realeza  recife  recreio  redencao  regeneracao  regente feijo  registro  remanso  remigio  reriutaba  resende  reserva  resplendor  riachao das neves  riachao do dantas  riachao do jacuipe  riachao  riacho de santana  rialma  ribas do rio pardo  ribeira do pombal  ribeirao bonito  ribeirao branco  ribeirao das neves  ribeirao do pinhal  ribeirao pires  ribeirao preto  ribeirao  ribeiropolis  rio bananal  rio bonito  rio branco do sul  rio branco  rio brilhante  rio casca  rio claro  rio claro  rio das ostras  rio das pedras  rio de janeiro  rio do sul  rio formoso  rio grande da serra  rio grande  rio largo  rio negrinho  rio negro  rio novo do sul  rio novo  rio pardo de minas  rio pardo  rio piracicaba  rio pomba  rio real  rio tinto  rio verde de mato grosso  rodrigues alves  rolandia  rolante  rolim de moura  rondonopolis  rosario do sul  rosario oeste  rosario  rubiataba  russas  ruy barbosa  sabara  sabinopolis  sacramento  salgado de sao felix  salgado  salgueiro  salinas  salinopolis  salto de pirapora  salto  salvador  sananduva  santa adelia  santa barbara  santa branca  santa cecilia  santa cruz cabralia  santa cruz das palmeiras  santa cruz do capibaribe  santa cruz do rio pardo  santa cruz do sul  santa cruz  santa fe do sul  santa gertrudes  santa helena de goias  santa helena  santa ines  santa ines  santa isabel do para  santa isabel do rio negro  santa isabel  santa leopoldina  santa luzia  santa luzia  santa luzia  santa maria da boa vista  santa maria da vitoria  santa maria do para  santa maria do suacui  santa maria  santana de parnaiba  santana do acarau  santana do ipanema  santana do livramento  santana do matos  santana do mundau  santana do paraiso  santana  santa quiteria do maranhao  santa quiteria  santarem  santa rita do passa quatro  santa rita do sapucai  santa rita  santa rita  santa rosa de viterbo  santa rosa  santa teresa  santa vitoria do palmar  santa vitoria  santiago  santo amaro da imperatriz  santo amaro das brotas  santo amaro  santo anastacio  santo andre  santo angelo  santo antonio da platina  santo antonio de jesus  santo antonio de padua  santo antonio de posse  santo antonio do amparo  santo antonio do ica  santo antonio do leverger  santo antonio do monte  santo antonio do sudoeste  santo antonio do taua  santo antonio  santo augusto  santo estevao  santos dumont  santos  sao benedito do rio preto  sao bento do sul  sao bento do una  sao bento  sao bento  sao bernardo do campo  sao bernardo  sao borja  sao caetano de odivelas  sao caetano do sul  sao caitano  sao carlos  sao cristovao  sao desiderio  sao domingos do maranhao  sao domingos do prata  sao domingos  sao felipe  sao felix do xingu  sao fidelis  sao francisco de assis  sao francisco de paula  sao francisco do conde  sao francisco do sul  sao francisco  sao gabriel da cachoeira  sao gabriel  sao geraldo do araguaia  sao goncalo do amarante  sao goncalo do amarante  sao goncalo do sapucai  sao goncalo dos campos  sao goncalo  sao gotardo  sao jeronimo  sao joao batista  sao joao batista  sao joao da barra  sao joao da boa vista  sao joao da ponte  sao joao del rei  sao joao de meriti  sao joao de pirabas  sao joao do paraiso  sao joao do piaui  sao joao dos patos  sao joao evangelista  sao joao nepomuceno  sao joao  sao joaquim da barra  sao joaquim de bicas  sao joaquim do monte  sao joaquim  sao jose da coroa grande  sao jose da laje  sao jose da tapera  sao jose de mipibu  sao jose de piranhas  sao jose de ribamar  sao jose do belmonte  sao jose do calcado  sao jose do campestre  sao jose do egito  sao jose do rio pardo  sao jose do rio preto  sao jose dos campos  sao jose dos pinhais  sao jose  sao leopoldo  sao lourenco da mata  sao lourenco da serra  sao lourenco do oeste  sao lourenco do sul  sao lourenco  sao luis de montes belos  sao luis do quitunde  sao luis  sao luiz gonzaga  sao manuel  sao marcos  sao mateus do maranhao  sao mateus do sul  sao mateus  sao miguel do araguaia  sao miguel do guama  sao miguel do iguacu  sao miguel do oeste  sao miguel dos campos  sao miguel do tapuio  sao miguel  sao paulo de olivenca  sao paulo do potengi  sao paulo  sao pedro da aldeia  sao pedro do piaui  sao pedro do sul  sao pedro  sao raimundo das mangabeiras  sao raimundo nonato  sao roque  sao sebastiao do cai  sao sebastiao do paraiso  sao sebastiao do passe  sao sebastiao  sao sebastiao  sao sepe  sao simao  sao tome  sao vicente  sape  sapiranga  sapucaia  sapucaia  saquarema  sarandi  sarandi  sarzedo  satuba  saubara  schroeder  seabra  seara  senador canedo  senador guiomard  senador jose porfirio  senador pompeu  sena madureira  senges  senhor do bonfim  sento se  seropedica  serra branca  serrana  serra negra  serra  serra talhada  serrinha  serro  sertania  sertanopolis  sertaozinho  sete lagoas  severiano melo  severinia  sideropolis  sidrolandia  silva jardim  silvania  simao dias  simoes  simplicio mendes  sitio novo do tocantins  sobradinho  sobradinho  sobral  socorro  solanea  soledade  soledade  sombrio  sorocaba  soure  sousa  sumare  sume  surubim  suzano  tabatinga  tabatinga  tabira  taboao da serra  tabuleiro do norte  taguatinga  taiobeiras  taipu  tamandare  tambau  tamboril  tanabi  tangara  tangua  tanhacu  tapaua  tapejara  tapejara  taperoa  taperoa  tapes  tapiramuta  taquarana  taquara  taquari  taquaritinga do norte  taquaritinga  taquarituba  tarauaca  taruma  tatui  taua  taubate  tavares  tefe  teixeira  telemaco borba  teodoro sampaio  teofilo otoni  terenos  teresina  teresopolis  terra boa  terra nova  terra rica  terra roxa  terra santa  teutonia  tiangua  tibagi  tiete  tijucas  timbauba  timbiras  timbo  timon  timoteo  tiradentes  tobias barreto  tocantinopolis  tocantins  toledo  tomar do geru  tome-acu  tonantins  toritama  torres  touros  traipu  trairi  tramandai  tremedal  tremembe  tres barras  tres coracoes  tres coroas  tres de maio  tres lagoas  tres passos  tres pontas  tres rios  trindade  trindade  triunfo  triunfo  tubarao  tucano  tucuma  tucurui  tuntum  tupaciguara  tupanatinga  tupancireta  tupa  tupi paulista  turiacu  turmalina  tutoia  uarini  uaua  ubaira  ubaitaba  ubajara  ubata  ubatuba  uba  uberaba  uberlandia  uirauna  umarizal  umbauba  umbuzeiro  umbuzeiro  umirim  umuarama  unai  una  uniao da victoria  uniao dos palmares  uniao  upanema  urbano santos  uruacu  uruana  uruburetama  urucara  urucuca  urucui  urucurituba  uruguaiana  urupes  urussanga  utinga  vacaria  valenca do piaui  valenca  valenca  valente  valinhos  valparaiso  vargem alta  vargem grande do sul  vargem grande  varginha  varjota  varzea alegre  varzea da palma  varzea grande  varzea paulista  varzelandia  vassouras  vazante  venancio aires  vera cruz  veranopolis  vespasiano  viamao  viana  viana  vianopolis  vicencia  vicosa do ceara  vicosa  vicosa  videira  vigia  vila velha  vilhena  vinhedo  viradouro  visconde do rio branco  viseu  vitoria da conquista  vitoria de santo antao  vitoria do mearim  vitoria  vitorino freire  volta redonda  votorantim  wanderlandia  wenceslau braz  xambioa  xanxere  xapuri  xaxim  xique-xique