The southern part of the country was part of the Holy Roman Empire until it was acquired piece by piece by the Burgundians At the end of the Middle Ages, it became a Spanish possession together with what is now Belgium Little survives from this period, except a few historic city centers, and a few castles
Following the Dutch Revolt, led by national hero William of Orange Willem van Oranje, the Netherlands became a de facto independent republic in 1572 The first split with Belgium came when the northern provinces including Flanders signed the Union of Utrecht in 1579 It grew to become one of the major economic and seafaring powers in the world during the 17th century, which is known as the Dutch Golden Age Gouden Eeuw During this period, many colonies were founded or conquered, including the Netherlands East Indies currently Indonesia and New Amsterdam currently New York City, which was later traded with the British for Suriname
In 1805, the country became a kingdom when Emperor Napoleon appointed his brother 'King of Holland' In 1815, it became the 'United Kingdom of the Netherlands Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden together with Belgium and Luxembourg under King William I Willem I In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom Luxembourg received independence from the Netherlands in 1890, as the Salic Law prohibited a female ruler
Avoiding the liberal revolutions of 1848 and new adopted Treaty, The Netherlands quietly became a constitutional monarchy and remained neutral in World War I but suffered a brutal invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products In 1944, the Low Countries formed the union of the Benelux in which they economically and sometimes politically work together The country was a founding member of NATO in 1949 and the European Community EC in 1957, and participated in the introduction of the Economic and Monetary Union EMU in 1999
Quite a few travelers visit the Netherlands to enjoy its famously tolerant attitude: prostitution is decriminalized, but only for those prostitutes registered at a permitted brothel Safe sex and use of condoms is common practice, and the prostitute will usually have these available It is illegal for sex workers to solicit for customers on the street and prostitutes are most common in the capital Amsterdam, where red-light districts are popular, even if tourists only visit as a momento of the visit In more rural areas, prostitution is almost non-existant Sex shops, sex shows, sex museums and drugs museums are also popular The sale, possession, and consumption of small quantities of cannabis while technically still illegal, is officially tolerated, but coffeeshops are subject to increasing restrictions Harder drugs eg ecstasy or cocaine remain illegal both in theory and practice In the same open minded atmosphere is the Dutch ease towards homosexuality, gay marriage is legalized Also the practice of Euthanasia is legalized under strict conditions
The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world No matter where you go, you are never far away from civilization Cities can be crowded especially in the Randstad area, where congestion is a serious problem Much of the country is flat and at or below sea level making it an ideal place to cycle Hills can only be found at the Veluwe and Southern Limburg Much of countryside is dominated by highly industrialized farming - despite its population density, the Netherlands are one of the largest food exporters in the world Though there are some beautiful spots scattered across the country, the tourist expecting a countryside full of picturesque villages, tulips and windmills may be in for a bit of a shock The villages, tulips and windmills are there for sure, you just have to find them for example, in the Waterland and Zaan Region The most beautiful places are most of the times the places only known by the Dutch themselves Asking a Dutchwoman for some ideas of what to see could be helpful Otherwise just visit local 'tourist shops', known as the VVV, they can be found in all the larger towns
The geography of the Netherlands is dominated by water features The country is criss-crossed with rivers, canals and dikes, and the beach is never far away The western coast of the Netherlands has one of the most beautiful North Sea beaches that can be found, attracting thousands if not millions of people every year, among them a lot of Germans as well
The national language in the Netherlands is Dutch It's a charming, lilting language punctuated by phlegm-trembling glottal gs not in the south and schs also found, for example, in Arabic Dutch, especially in spoken form, is partially intelligible to someone who knows other Germanic languages especially German, Frisian, Swedish and Norwegian, and you might be able to get along at least partially in these languages if spoken slowly
Besides Dutch, several other languages are spoken in the Netherlands, in the eastern provinces of Groningen, Overijsel, Drenthe and Gelderand people speak a local variety of Low Saxon Grunnegs or Tweants for example In the southern province of Limburg the majority speaks Limburgish, a language unique in Europe because of its use of pitch and tone length to distinguish words for example: 'Veer' with a high tone means 'we', while the same word with a low tone means 'four'
Officially, the Netherlands is bilingual, as Frisian is also an official language Frisian is the closest living language to English Other forms of Frisian are also spoken by small minorities in Germany When travelling through Fryslân you will come across many roadsigns in two languages similar to Wales and South Tyrol This is also the case in southern Limburg Everybody speaks Dutch, but the Frisians are so protective of the minority language that ordering a beer in it might just get you the next one free In areas bordering Germany, German is widely spoken However, outside of the eastern provinces, a good amount of people especially amongst the younger generation can also speak basic German too French will be understood by some as well, especially the older generations Immigrant languages are prominent in urban areas, they include Turkish, Arabic, Sranan-Tongo Surinam and Papiamento Netherlands Antilles
"They all speak English there" is quite accurate for the Netherlands Education from an early age in English and other European languages mostly German and French makes the Dutch some of the most fluent polyglots on the continent Oblivious travelers to the major cities should be able to make their way without learning a word of Dutch Dealing with seniors or finding yourself in a family atmosphere, however, will probably require learning a bit of the native tongue
A lot of shops do not accept banknotes of €100, €200 and €500, due to concerns about counterfeiting and burglary Shops usually open by 9AM and they usually close by 5:30PM or 6PM Most shops are closed on Sundays, except the first Sunday of the month In Amsterdam centrum area is an exception, since you can see the shops open till 9PM and Sundays from noon till 6PM The shops can be crowded with people coming into town from outside the city In some area's shops are closed on Monday morning
Accommodation and food is on the expensive side Rail travel, museums, and attractions are relatively cheap Retail prices for clothing, gifts, etc are similar to most of Western Europe; consumer electronics are a bit more expensive Gasoline, tobacco and alcohol are relatively expensive due to excise taxes
The Netherlands is a good place to buy flowers Outside florists, you can buy them pre-packaged in most supermarkets
The Netherlands is famous for its wooden shoes However, nowadays almost no one except for farmers in the countryside wear them You could travel through The Netherlands for weeks and find no one using them for footwear The only place where you'll find them is in tourist shops Wearing wooden shoes in public will earn you quite a few strange looks from the locals
If you do try them, the famous "wooden shoes" are surprisingly comfortable, and very useful in any rural setting Think of them as all-terrain footwear; easy to put on for a walk in the garden, field or dirt road If you live in a rural area at home, consider taking a pair of these with you if you can Avoid the kitschy tourist shops at Schiphol and Amsterdam's Damrak street, and instead look for a regular vendor which can usually be found in towns and villages in rural areas The northern province of Friesland has a lot of stores selling wooden shoes, often adorned with the bright colors of the Frisian flag
The Netherlands is not known for its cuisine, but hearty Dutch fare can be quite good if done well A conventional Dutch meal consists of meat, potatoes and some type of vegetable on the side The Dutch, however, are known for their specialties and delicious treats:
For dessert:
Other "typically Dutch" foodstuffs are:
Some of these "typically Dutch" foodstuffs taste significantly different from, but do not necessarily improve upon, specialties from other countries For example, while Dutch coffee and chocolate can instill feelings of homesickness in expats and might be seen as "soul food", fine Belgian chocolate and Italian coffees espresso, etc are considered to be delicacies
Seasonal food: Pepernoten, Kruidnoten, taai-taai, kerststol, paasstol, oliebollen
As Dutch people usually eat Dutch food at home, most restaurants specialize in something other than local fare Every medium-sized town has its own Chinese/Indonesian restaurant, often abbreviated as Chin/Ind restaurant, where you can eat a combination of Chinese and Indonesian dishes Usually you get a lot of food for a small amount of money Do not expect authentic Chinese or Indonesian cuisine though, the taste has been adapted for Dutch citizens These restaurants have been influenced by the Dutch East Indies currently Indonesia from when they were a colony of the Netherlands Typical dishes are fried rice Indonesian: nasi goreng, fried bakmi bami goreng and prawn crackers kroepoek A suggestion is the famous Dutch-Indonesian rice table rijsttafel, which is a combination of several small dishes from the East Indies, not unlike the nasi padang of Indonesia Most of them have a sit-in area and a separate counter for take-away with lower prices
Besides Chinese/Indonesian, the bigger cities offer a good choice of restaurants with Middle Eastern cuisine for a bargain price such as the Nieuwmarkt in Amsterdam Popular dishes are shawarma shoarma, lahmacun often called Turkish pizza and falafel The Argentinian, French, Italian, Japanese, Mexican, Spanish, Surinam and Thai cuisines are also well-represented in the Netherlands
Modern Dutch restaurants serve good quality food and are relatively expensive compared with surrounding countries Most of the time, profit is made from the drinks and the desert, so be careful ordering those if you are on a budget In the Netherlands, going to a restaurant is generally not seen as a quick way to eat food, but as a special night out with friends or family, which can take a couple of hours Service fees and taxes are included in the menu prices Tipping is not mandatory, but rounding up is pretty much expected and polite Keep 10 percent in mind if you want to give a tip
Since 1 July 2008, smoking has been banned in all restaurants, cafes, bars, festival tents and nightclubs Smoking is allowed only in separate, enclosed, designated smoking areas in which employees are not allowed to serve Staff may only enter such smoking rooms in emergency situations
In town centers, near public transportation areas or even in more quiet quarters you can find a snackbar, sometimes known as frituur or cafeteria These snackbars are pretty much the antithesis of high cuisine, but their snacks are considered typical for the country, and many Dutch expats miss them the most when going abroad The popular Febo 42 chain's outlets are basically giant vending machines, just slot in a euro or two and take out the snack of your choice
The most popular snack is French fries, known as patat in most of the country and as friet in the Southern Netherlands The "standard" way is to order them with mayonnaise patat met, although the local mayo is not the same as you'd get in France or most of the rest of the world: it is firmer, sweeter and contains less fat, whilst remaining just as unhealthy Other sauces are tomato ketchup, curry ketchup unlike regular curry, tastes more like ketchup, Indonesian peanut sauce satésaus, cut raw onions uitjes, special speciaal, a combination of mayonnaise, curry ketchup and optionally cut raw onions and war oorlog, a combination of mayonnaise, peanut sauce and optionally with cut raw onions The following fried snacks are considered typical for the country as well:
Vegetarians should not have any major trouble 45 percent of the Dutch population is vegetarian and most restaurants have at least one vegetarian option on their menus or can make you one if you ask for it Most supermarkets sell vegetarian products or even have a part of their supermarket dedicated to vegetarian products It is advisable to specifically mention what you do and do not eat meat, fish, dairy, eggs as not everyone has the same definition of vegetarianism Finding a vegetarian option in a fast food restaurant might provide more of a challenge Chip shops that sell veggie burgers are the exception rather than the rule
The Netherlands has two drinking ages: 16 years for alcohol under 15% beer, wine, etc, and 18 for stronger alcoholic drinks
Although the Dutch beer "Heineken" is one of the world's most famous beers, it is just one of the many beer brands in the Netherlands You can get all kinds of beers from white beer to dark beer Popular brands are Heineken, Grolsch, Brand, Bavaria, Amstel etc
In addition to the usual lagers, try Dutch wheat beers witbier, which are flavored with a spice mix called gruit and thus taste different from the better-known German varieties Fruit-flavored varieties are also available
Traditional beers come from monasteries in the South of the Netherlands Brabant and Limburg or Belgium You can visit a traditional beer brewer in for instance Berkel-Enschot just east of Tilburg at the 'Trappistenklooster' It needs to be said that the brewery is now owned by the big brewer Bavaria, so it's not so traditional any more
Most breweries have nowadays also produce a non-alcoholic variant of their beers, like Bavaria Malt or Amstel Malt Which consist sometimes 0% or less than 0,5 alcohol and is very suitable for people who would like to drive and don't drink or sometimes called "de Bob" as promoted in its campaign
Also popular in winter are alcoholic bitters Originally from the province of Friesland the bitter called Beerenburg is served in the entire country Most other regions also produce their local, less famous variants of a bitter
Dutch drink black tea, and it comes in many different tastes, from traditional to fruit infusions etc Luckily, if you're English, you get the teabag served with a cup of hot but never boiling! water, so you can make your own version Milk in your tea is almost unheard of and only given to children
Coffee is almost compulsory when you are going to visit people One of the first questions when coming through the door is often "Koffie?" and it is served in small cups a half mug with cookies
If you're from the States or Canada, you can drink one cup of Dutch coffee in the morning and add water the rest of the day! If you order 'koffie verkeerd' which means "coffee the wrong way 'round" you get a cup of mostly hot milk with a small splash of coffee -- more like the French 'café au lait' or the Italian 'latte'
Hot chocolate with whipped cream is a winter tradition in the Netherlands It really fills you after a cold walk In the summer you can also get it in every decent bar, however sometimes it's made from powder as opposed to the traditional kind, and doesn't taste that good
A wide range of accommodation is available, concentrated on the major tourist destinations They include regions popular for internal tourism, such as the Veluwe In non-touristed areas, accommodation may be very limited
Prices are generally high Budget accommodation starts at around €20 and prices go upwards from there Seasonal demand affects availability, especially in Amsterdam
Official Dutch Youth Hostels are called since they changed their name in 2003 "Stay Okay" 43 They are not as widespread as in Great Britain Also there is no kitchen available for guests, so either you eat what is on menu or you eat out Besides the Official Dutch Youth Hostels there are plenty other hostels spread around the country Popular are The Flying Pig Hostels 44 in Noordwijk and Amsterdam, they provide a kitchen for one's own use and they have a liberal smoking policy
Another option is staying at a bed & breakfast There is a wide choice in the big cities, but there are also plenty to be found in the smaller towns and villages Prices are generally €40-100, depending on the number of occupants and the season Bed & breakfasts may not offer all the facilities that bigger hotels do, but the service is generally friendly and personal Also, many bed & breakfasts are to be found along popular hiking trails and cycling paths
Short-term apartment rental is available in cities, but may not be legal While most have a 3 night minimum stay, the process of making reservations and checking in is generally identical to that of staying in a hotel, the notable exception being that most require a credit card deposit, and the balance payment in € on arrival
Vacation rental homes are popular in The Netherlands, and many Dutch city dwellers own a home in the country side even though that country side is often only an hour or less from big cities Traversia has the largest collection of vacation rentals in The Netherlands, by Dutch owners
If you are traveling by bicycle or by foot, there is a list of 3600 addresses where you can stay at private homes with bed and breakfast for no more than € 18,50 per person per night, although you must also pay € 9 for membership of this scheme It is called frankloop!Vrienden op de fiets 45
Work opportunities for those from outside the European Union are very restricted Only when an employer can prove they've searched in the EU, they are allowed to hire a non-EU citizen Official policy is to deter all non-EU immigration, unless there is an economic necessity
Students from other European countries are only eligible for study financing when they have a fixed 32 hour/month work contract, or when they have lived in the Netherlands for five years
Since 2005, the Dutch law enables what they call “knowledge immigration” the idea is to allow local companies to “import” foreign employees to work in the Netherlands The process is straightforward and takes between 4 to 10 weeks
Meal in inexpensive restaurant | 14.25 EUR |
3-course meal in restaurant (for 2) | 62.55 EUR |
McDonalds meal | 7.74 EUR |
Local beer (0.5 draft) | 4.42 EUR |
Foreign beer (0.33 bottle) | 2.82 EUR |
Cappuccino | 2.24 EUR |
Pepsi/Coke (0.33 bottle) | 2 EUR |
Water (0.33 bottle) | 2.03 EUR |
Milk (1l) | 0.87 EUR |
Fresh bread (500g) | 1.3 EUR |
White Rice (1kg) | 1.64 EUR |
Eggs (12) | 2.13 EUR |
Local Cheese (1kg) | 7.96 EUR |
Chicken Breast (1kg) | 7.4 EUR |
Apples (1kg) | 2.04 EUR |
Oranges (1kg) | 2.38 EUR |
Tomato (1kg) | 2.05 EUR |
Potato (1kg) | 1.46 EUR |
Lettuce (1 head) | 0.89 EUR |
Water (1.5l) | 0.94 EUR |
Bottle of Wine (Mid-Range) | 5 EUR |
Domestic Beer (0.5 bottle) | 0.87 EUR |
Foreign beer (0.33 bottle) | 1.34 EUR |
Cigarettes | 5.4 EUR |
One way local bus ticket | 2.52 EUR |
Monthly pass for bus | 77.42 EUR |
Taxi start | 4.9 EUR |
Taxi 1km | 1.99 EUR |
Taxi 1hour waiting | 27.75 EUR |
Gasoline (1 liter) | 1.72 EUR |
Utilities for a "normal" apartment | 153.87 EUR |
Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend) | 19.47 EUR |
Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre | 898.53 EUR |
Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre | 687.18 EUR |